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HMAS Armidale (J240)
HMAS ''Armidale'' (J240), named for the city of Armidale, New South Wales, was one of 60 ''Bathurst''-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).〔Royal Australian Navy, ''HMAS Armidale (I)''〕
Launched in early 1942, and initially assigned to convoy escort duties, ''Armidale'' was transferred to Darwin in October 1942. The corvette was attacked and sunk off Betano Bay (), on the south coast of Portuguese Timor, (now East Timor) by 13 Japanese aircraft on 1 December 1942, while attempting to evacuate Australian and Dutch soldiers and deliver a relief contingent. She was the only ''Bathurst''-class corvette to be lost to enemy action.〔David Stevens et al., 2001, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', opposite p. 112〕
==Design and construction==
(詳細はAustralian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.〔Stevens, ''The Australian Corvettes'', p. 1〕〔Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 103〕 The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of 〔Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–4〕 The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.〔〔Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–5〕 Construction of the prototype did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.〔Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 104〕 The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including ''Armidale'') ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.〔〔Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 105, 148〕〔Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 29〕〔Stevens et al., ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 108〕〔
''Armidale'' was laid down by Morts Dock & Engineering Co in Sydney on 1 September 1941.〔 As the ship was built in a dock, she was floated on 24 January 1942,〔 with the ceremony officiated by Reverend A. G. Rix. ''Armidale'' was commissioned on 11 June 1942.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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